Doom metal is among the oldest forms of heavy metal, rooted in the music of early Black Sabbath, who are one of the first heavy metal bands. Their music is rooted in blues, but with the specific loud guitar playing of Iommi, and the then-uncommon dark and pessimistic lyrics and atmosphere, they set the standards of early heavy metal and inspired various doom metal bands. In the early 1970s both Black Sabbath and the American band Pentagram composed and performed this heavy and dark music, which would in the 1980s begin to be known and referred to as doom metal by subsequent musicians, critics and fans. From the late 1970s to mid 1980s, bands such as Trouble, Saint Vitus, Candlemass, Pentagram and Witchfinder General contributed much to the formation of doom metal as a distinct genre. The form of music played by these artists can be described as being rooted in both the music of Black Sabbath and, especially in the case of Witchfinder General, in the New Wave of British Heavy Metal. Some North American acts such as Cirith Ungol and Manilla Road also influenced the rise of the style, especially its epic side which Candlemass defined on their classic, debut album Epicus Doomicus Metallicus.
Candlemass debut album Epicus Doomicus Metallicus (1986) genre-defining classic of 1980s doom scene
During the 1980s, doom metal was deeply underground and gathered only small circles of cult-following fans. In the 1980s, metal was dominated by speed and thrash metal, and in many commercial areas by glam and "stadium-anthem" pseudo-metal bands. Slower, heavier and pessimistic in its nature, doom metal bands didn't receive much attention even among some die-hard metal fans of that time. Bands such as Trouble established the use of Christian imaginery and themes in the lyrical side of doom metal which led these bands to be seen as "weird" and unacceptable amongst some metalheads. It should be noted that although Trouble were Christian, other later doom bands actually weren't. However, many of them, such as Candlemass or Saint Vitus, still embraced elements of Christian imagery, only not as a religious viewpoint but as a lyrical symbolism for themes they deal with in their lyrics such as pain and suffering. Doom metal remained more or less underground at this point.
Doom metal developed further in the early 1990s. The most influential doom metal band from the early 1990s to the present was Cathedral (a band led by ex Napalm Death singer Lee Dorrian). Their debut album Forest of Equilibrium (1991) was a traditional doom release, yet this album opened a wide range of possible influences and directions for the coming doom metal bands. Besides Cathedral, a whole wave of influental doom bands followed during the early 1990s including Solitude Aeturnus, Count Raven, The Obsessed, Penance, Sleep, Revelation, Confessor, etc. Underground labels who most supported the scene in these years were Germany's Hellhound Records and Rise Above (owned by Lee Dorrian).
From the late 1990s to the present, another wave of traditional doom metal has emerged, mostly due to the success of bands such as the British Electric Wizard, the Finnish Reverend Bizarre, and the American High on Fire. Other bands include Orodruin, The Gates Of Slumber, While Heaven Wept, Warning, Solstice, Mirror Of Deception, etc.
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